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  • [1] …On 19 November 2025, the respondent made an oral application for the costs of the appeal, and the Court made an order that the respondent pay such costs fixed in the sum of $36,955. These are the Reasons for making that costs order, as well as for making an order referring the conduct of the former legal representatives of the appellant to the relevant professional regulatory bodies. That is in circumstances where artificial intelligence (“AI”) was used in the preparation of a Summary of Argument and List of Authorities resulting in the Court being provided with incorrect references. By consent, the Court also made an order that Ms G, the former solicitor for the appellant, pay the respondent a further $10,000 as costs thrown away correcting the errors generated by AI.

    [2] On 17 October 2025, the appellant filed a Summary of Argument and List of Authorities. On 3 November 2025, the appellant filed an Amended Summary of Argument and List of Authorities with some authorities removed from the footnotes and the List of Authorities. Those amendments were not identified on the document. At the conclusion of both the original and amended documents was “[Mr AX] KC with [Mr AY] on behalf of the Applicant” along with Mr AX KC’s contact details.

    [3] It was obvious that the amendments were made to rectify the inclusion in the original of non-existent, inaccurate and misleading authorities. The letter that accompanied the Amended Summary of Argument advised that there “were significant errors in the citations” and apologised for the “oversight”.

  • Most regulatory work is “cost of doing business” work. It needs oversight by experienced lawyers or compliance officers and is likely to be increasingly systemised.

  • This video discusses how the Fraser Government in Australia sought to reform the Commonwealth Constitution in response to the constitutional issues that had arisen in 1975 in the lead up to the dismissal of the Whitlam Government.

  • The Strengthening Oversight of the National Intelligence Community Bill 2025 expands the oversight functions of the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security and the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security to cover all ten agencies of the National Intelligence Community.

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